Results/Trends
Results
ECI results
Analysis · over time
How elections changed
India, 1962–2024. 16 general elections tracked.
Turnout
66.12%
↓ 1.22 pts from previous
Median margin
10.3%
↓ 4.8 pts from previous
Effective parties
5.3
↓ 0.04 from previous
NOTA
0.99%
↓ 0.08 pts from previous
Women elected
13.66%
↓ 0.7 pts from previous
[01]Turnout
2024
66.12%543 seats
2019
67.35%543 seats
2014
66.42%544 seats
2009
58.16%543 seats
2004
57.99%543 seats
1999
59.57%543 seats
1998
61.55%543 seats
1996
57.44%543 seats
1991
55.19%534 seats
1989
61.1%529 seats
1984
63.44%542 seats
1980
56.38%529 seats
1977
59.79%542 seats
1971
54.5%521 seats
1967
59.5%523 seats
1962
54.12%495 seats
[02]How close the contests were
2024
10.3%543 seats
2019
15.1%543 seats
2014
13.55%544 seats
2009
7.0%543 seats
2004
9.9%543 seats
1999
7.85%543 seats
1998
7.5%543 seats
1996
9.3%543 seats
1991
10.75%534 seats
1989
12.45%529 seats
1984
17.4%542 seats
1980
16.4%529 seats
1977
24.47%542 seats
1971
20.81%521 seats
1967
11.59%523 seats
1962
12.14%495 seats
[03]Ballot crowding
2024
15.48,342 candidates
2019
14.88,042 candidates
2014
15.28,278 candidates
2009
14.98,070 candidates
2004
10.05,435 candidates
1999
8.64,648 candidates
1998
8.84,750 candidates
1996
25.713,952 candidates
1991
16.48,749 candidates
1989
11.66,160 candidates
1984
10.15,493 candidates
1980
8.84,629 candidates
1977
4.52,439 candidates
1971
5.42,796 candidates
1967
4.62,384 candidates
1962
4.01,988 candidates
[04]Party fragmentation
2024
5.342 of 752 won seats
2019
5.337 of 691 won seats
2014
6.836 of 469 won seats
2009
7.638 of 373 won seats
2004
7.539 of 221 won seats
1999
6.739 of 178 won seats
1998
6.940 of 198 won seats
1996
6.929 of 237 won seats
1991
5.125 of 166 won seats
1989
4.725 of 127 won seats
1984
3.820 of 38 won seats
1980
4.218 of 39 won seats
1977
3.419 of 35 won seats
1971
4.526 of 63 won seats
1967
4.823 of 29 won seats
1962
4.224 of 33 won seats
[05]NOTA
2024
0.99%63,65,371 votes
2019
1.06%65,13,476 votes
2014
1.08%60,05,188 votes
[06]Deposits lost
2024
86.02%7,176 of 8,342
2019
85.96%6,913 of 8,042
2014
84.91%7,029 of 8,278
2009
84.59%6,826 of 8,070
2004
77.59%4,217 of 5,435
1999
73.21%3,403 of 4,648
1998
73.52%3,492 of 4,750
1996
90.96%12,691 of 13,952
1991
86.25%7,546 of 8,749
1989
81.28%5,007 of 6,160
1984
79.79%4,383 of 5,493
1980
73.95%3,423 of 4,629
1977
55.6%1,356 of 2,439
1971
61.48%1,719 of 2,796
1967
51.22%1,221 of 2,384
1962
43.31%861 of 1,988
[07]Women elected
2024
13.66%543 seats
2019
14.36%543 seats
2014
11.6%543 seats
2009
10.68%543 seats
2004
8.66%543 seats
1999
9.39%543 seats
1998
8.29%543 seats
1996
7.73%543 seats
1991
7.87%534 seats
1989
5.86%529 seats
1984
8.32%541 seats
1980
5.67%529 seats
1977
3.51%542 seats
1971
5.21%518 seats
1967
6.15%520 seats
1962
7.29%494 seats
[08]Incumbent re-election rate
2019
67.06%226 of 337 re-elected
2014
42.0%168 of 400 re-elected
2009
47.79%173 of 362 re-elected
2004
53.94%226 of 419 re-elected
1999
58.86%269 of 457 re-elected
1998
53.91%248 of 460 re-elected
1996
50.92%194 of 381 re-elected
1991
63.24%258 of 408 re-elected
1989
43.01%163 of 379 re-elected
1984
64.61%230 of 356 re-elected
1980
38.96%150 of 385 re-elected
1977
41.9%137 of 327 re-elected
1971
70.82%216 of 305 re-elected
1967
76.17%179 of 235 re-elected
[09]Computed insights
-
Ballots have grown much more crowded: 4.0 candidates a seat in 1962 against 15.4 in 2024.
4.0 → 15.4 over 16 elections -
Women's share of elected members peaked at 14.36% in 2019; in 2024 it was 13.66%.
peak 14.36% in 2019 -
In 2019, 67.06% of sitting members who re-stood were re-elected — above the series average of 55.23%.
67.06 vs avg 55.23 across 14 elections -
NOTA peaked at 1.08% in 2014 — 60,05,188 voters chose none of the above.
highest NOTA share across 3 elections -
The highest deposit-loss rate was 90.96% in 1996: 12,691 of 13,952 candidates polled under a sixth of the valid vote.
peak deposit losses in 1996